The electron configuration of an atom is a form of notation which shows how the electrons are distributed among the various atomic orbital and energy levels.
Energy level is an amount of energy which electrons in atoms can possess ( "n"= number of energy levels)
Quantum of energy is an energy difference between 2 particular energy levels
Ground state is when electrons of atoms are in their lowest possible energy level
Excited state is when 1 or more of an atom's electrons are in energy levels other than the lowest available level
Orbital is an actual region of space occupied by an electron in particular energy level
Shell is a set of all orbitals having the same "n" value
Subshell is set of orbitals of the same type
The letters s, p, d, f refer to the four different types of orbitals
Each subshell consists of:
1: s-orbital
3: p-orbital
5: d-orbital
7: f-orbital
1: s-orbital
3: p-orbital
5: d-orbital
7: f-orbital
Due to Pauli Exclusion Principle, maximum of 2 electrons can be placed in each orbit.
For a given value of "n", different types of orbitals are possible for:
n=1 only the s- type
n=2 s- and p- types
n=3 s- , p- and d- types
n=4 s- , p- , d- and f- types.
n=2 s- and p- types
n=3 s- , p- and d- types
n=4 s- , p- , d- and f- types.
Electron Configuration for Neutral Atoms
1. Always start with the lowest energy level.
2. Figure out how many electrons you have
2. Figure out how many electrons you have
3. Start at the lowest (1s) and keeping adding.
-each electron has an opposite spin designated by upward and downward arrows.
-each electron has an opposite spin designated by upward and downward arrows.
Electronic Configuration for Ions
For negative ion:
Add electrons to the unfilled subshell starting where the neutral atom left off.
For negative ion:
Add electrons to the unfilled subshell starting where the neutral atom left off.
For positive ion:
1. Start with neutral atom and remove electrons from outermost shell depending on the charge.
2. If there are electrons in both s and p orbital of the outermost shell, elextrons in the p-orbital are removed first.
1. Start with neutral atom and remove electrons from outermost shell depending on the charge.
2. If there are electrons in both s and p orbital of the outermost shell, elextrons in the p-orbital are removed first.
Core Notation
the set of electrons for an atom can be divided into two subsets
-the core electrons and the outer electron.
-the core is the set of electron with the configuration of the nearest noble gas that comes before it.
-the outer electron consist of all electron outside the core electron normally take part in chemcal reactions.
-the core is the set of electron with the configuration of the nearest noble gas that comes before it.
-the outer electron consist of all electron outside the core electron normally take part in chemcal reactions.
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